Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that still occurs worldwide. Although the disease is often considered a "childhood illness," it can also affect adults and cause serious complications. Fortunately, we can protect ourselves against it through vaccination.
What is measles and how do you recognize it?
Measles is caused by the measles virus, which spreads through small droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus is so contagious that 9 out of 10 unprotected people get sick after contact with an infected person. You can contract it in places where many people gather, such as schools, camps, festivals, or when traveling to countries where measles is more common.
Symptoms often begin with fever, cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis). Then typical white spots appear on the inside of the cheek (Koplik's spots), followed by a skin rash that spreads from the face to the rest of the body. The disease usually lasts about ten days, but can cause complications such as ear infection, pneumonia, or even brain inflammation (encephalitis), especially in young children, pregnant women, and people with a weakened immune system.
When should I get vaccinated?
In Belgium, the measles vaccine is part of the basic vaccination schedule and is offered free of charge. The first dose is given at 12 months of age, the second at 9 years. Those who have received these vaccinations correctly are usually protected for life.
Were you born between 1970 and 1985 and are you unsure if you are (fully) vaccinated? Then it is advisable to check this with your general practitioner or via your online medical file (e.g., MijnGezondheid.be). People born before 1970 are generally considered naturally immune, as they likely contracted the disease in their youth.
If you have never been vaccinated or only received one dose, you can still get a catch-up vaccination as an adult. This is definitely recommended if you belong to a risk group or work in healthcare.
To be fully vaccinated, you must have received two doses of the MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, rubella). This vaccine should preferably not be administered during pregnancy, unless the infection poses a clear risk to mother and child. A woman should also preferably not become pregnant in the month following the administration of this vaccine. This is a precautionary advice: there is no clinical evidence of an effect on the unborn child.
Should I get vaccinated for a trip?
Yes, especially if you are traveling to a country where measles is still common. Measles is still endemic in various parts of Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, and there are regular outbreaks in countries with low vaccination rates. Outbreaks even occur in popular destinations such as Turkey or Indonesia. Infectiologists recommend checking your vaccination status at least four weeks before departure and, if necessary, getting a (re)vaccination.
It is also important for young people going to camp (e.g., youth movements) that they are fully vaccinated. During such gatherings, the virus spreads rapidly.
In short, measles is not a harmless childhood illness. Thanks to vaccination, we can prevent outbreaks, protect our health, and travel safely. Therefore, have your vaccination status checked in time and contact your general practitioner if in doubt.
